DAY 2.
THE VEDIC AGE

# Divided in to two parts: Early Vedic Age (1500-1000BC) and Later Vedic Age (1000-600BC).
# Rig Vedic Age gives knowledge about Aryans, Came from Steppes(from South Russia to Central Russia) and settled in 'Sapta Sindhu, Were semi nomadic and cattle but later they became cultivators and left nomadic life.
# Gauri word is mentioned 176 times in Rig Veda for 'cow'.
# Tribe in Vedic society was called JANA and it was based on kinship.
# NonAryans were called Shudras and Dasas given in the Hymn of 9th Mandal, There was no caste system.
# Sun Gods: Surya, Savitri and Pusan. Gaytri Mantra is addressed to Savitri.
# Institution of GOTRA appeared in this age signified descent from common ancestors.
# Old names of rivers: Chenab-Askini, Ravi-Parusani, Sutlej-Sutudri, Beas-Vipasa, Jehlum-Vitasta.

THE RIG VEDA

# Divided into 10 Mandala, 2-7 are oldest known as family Mandala, 1,8 and 10th were added later and called Sepuk.

# Gaytri Mantra is mentioned in 3rd Mandala of Rig Veda written by Maharishi Vishwamitra, Singer of Rig Veda is called Hotra.

THE YAJUR VEDA

# Most Ritualistic Veda, Divided into Shukla Yajur Veda (Poetry) and Krishna Yajur Veda (Prose and Poetry).

# Deals with the performance of sacrifices as well as hymns, Singer_ Ardhavayu.

THE SAMA VEDA

# Sama means melody/music, Collection od 1869 Mantras out of which 1474 were derived from Rig Veda.

# Contains Dhrupada Raga, Singer_ Udgata.

THE ARTHA VEDA

# This Veda is also known as Brahma Veda.

# Chronologically different from other Vedas, Trayi term was used by Shatpath Brahman in this.

# Artha Veda mentioned beliefs and practices of Non Aryans, Contain medicinal treatises, magical mantras.

# Sabha and Smiti described as sisters and two daughters of Prajapati.

UPANISHADS

# Knowledge acquired by sitting close to the teacher.

# They do not believe in Orthodox and Sacrifices, Spiritual and philosophical, 108 total in number.

# SATYAMEV JAYATE was extracted from Mundak Upanishad

UPVEDAS

#Vedas dealing with the secular subjects:

Ayur Veda, Dhanur Veda, Gandharva Veda and Shilpa Veda.